UNITED NATION DECELERATION

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 

10. Dec, 2016
Preamble

Considering that freedom, justice and peace in the world are based on the recognition of the intrinsic dignity and equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family;

Considering that ignorance and contempt for human rights have led to acts of barbarism that are outrageous to the conscience of mankind and that the emergence of a world in which human beings, liberated, have been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of mankind Fear and misery, enjoy freedom of speech and freedom of belief;

Considering it essential that human rights be protected by a system of law, so that man is not compelled to the supreme recourse of rebellion against tyranny and oppression;

Considering also essential to promote the development of friendly relations among nations;

Considering that the peoples of the United Nations have reaffirmed in the Charter their faith in the fundamental rights of man, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women, and have declared their determination to promote Social progress and raising the standard of living within a broader concept of freedom;

Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, universal respect for and observance of fundamental rights and freedoms, and

Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest Importance for full compliance with that commitment;

THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims this UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common ideal by which all peoples and nations must strive, so that individuals and institutions, constantly inspired by it, promote, through education and education, Respect for these rights and freedoms, and ensure, through progressive measures of a national and international character, their universal and effective recognition and application, both among the peoples of the Member States and among those of the territories placed under their jurisdiction.
Article 1.


All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another.
Article 2.


Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property , birth or other condition. In addition, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, legal or international status of the country or territory within the jurisdiction of which a person is dependent, whether in an independent country or in a territory under trusteeship, non-autonomous or subject to any Another limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3.


Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article 4.


No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5.


No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.
Article 6.


Everyone has the right, everywhere, to recognition of their legal personality.
Article 7.


All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. Everyone has the right to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any provocation to such discrimination.
Article 8.


Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for protection against acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
Article 9.


No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Article 10.


Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair hearing and justice by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any charge against him in criminal matters.
Article 11.


(1) Everyone charged with a crime has the right to be presumed innocent until his guilt is proved, according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense.
(2) No one shall be condemned for acts or omissions which at the time of committing were not criminal offenses under national or international law. Nor shall a more serious penalty be imposed than that applicable at the time of the commission of the offense.
Article 12.


No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Article 13.


(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the territory of a State.
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
Article 14.


(1) In case of persecution, everyone has the right to seek asylum, and to enjoy in other countries.
(2) This right may not be invoked against a judicial action actually arising out of common crimes or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 15.


(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
Article 16.


(1) Men and women, from the marriageable age have the right, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, to marry and found a family, and are entitled to equal rights as to marriage , During the marriage and in case of dissolution of the marriage.
(2) Only through the free and full consent of the future spouses can the marriage be contracted.
(3) The family is the natural and fundamental element of society and has the right to the protection of society and the State.
Article 17.


(1) Everyone has the right to property, individually and collectively.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Article 18.


Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; This right includes the freedom to change religion or belief, as well as the freedom to manifest one's religion or belief, individually and collectively, both publicly and privately, through teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Article 19.


Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; This right includes not to be disturbed by their opinions, to investigate and receive information and opinions, and to disseminate them, without limitation of frontiers, by any means of expression.
Article 20.


(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
Article 21.


(1) Everyone has the right to participate in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
(2) Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.
(3) The will of the people is the basis of the authority of the public power; This will be expressed through authentic elections to be held periodically, by universal and equal suffrage and by secret ballot or other equivalent procedure that guarantees freedom of voting.
Article 22.


Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and realization, through national effort and international cooperation, taking into account the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, Social and cultural rights, indispensable to their dignity and the free development of their personality.
Article 23.


(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
(2) Everyone is entitled, without discrimination, to equal pay for equal work.
(3) Every person who works has the right to equitable and satisfactory remuneration, which guarantees him and his family an existence consistent with human dignity and which will be supplemented, if necessary, by any other means of social protection.
(4) Everyone has the right to form and join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
Article 24.


Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
Article 25.


(1) Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living ensuring for himself and his family, health and welfare, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and services Social needs; Is also entitled to insurance in case of unemployment, illness, invalidity, widowhood, old age or other cases of loss of means of subsistence due to circumstances beyond his control.
(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, born of marriage or out of wedlock, have the right to equal social protection.
Article 26.


(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education should be free, at least as far as elementary and fundamental education are concerned. Elementary instruction will be compulsory. Technical and professional instruction must be widespread; Access to higher education will be equal for all, depending on the respective merits.
(2) Education shall aim at the full development of human personality and the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; Promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations and all ethnic and religious groups, and promote the development of United Nations peacekeeping activities.
(3) Parents shall have a preferential right to choose the type of education to be given to their children.
Article 27.


(1) Everyone has the right to freely participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits resulting therefrom .
(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of moral and material interests due to him in connection with the scientific, literary or artistic productions of which he is the author.
Article 28.


Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29.


(1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development his personality.
(2) In exercising their rights and enjoying their freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to the limitations established by law for the sole purpose of ensuring recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others, and To satisfy the just demands of morality, public order and general welfare in a democratic society.
(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised in opposition to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 30.


Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person to engage in any activity or perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration

Organization of American States

In 1989, the General Assembly of the Organization of American States (OAS) asked its Committee on Juridical and Political Affairs to prepare a proposal for an American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which in turn instructed the Inter-American Commission Human Rights and the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights, which, in consultation with some representatives of indigenous peoples and organizations, submitted in 1997 the proposal for discussion; And a Working Group was created since 2000 to ensure indigenous participation and representation in the process.20 Since 2001, OAS member states have debated draft proposals.

10. Dec, 2016

ILO Convention 169

Main article: ILO Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples 

Convention 169 was approved in 1989 by the International Labour Organization. To date, 22 countries have ratified and adopted it: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Central African Republic, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador, Fiji, Guatemala, Netherlands, Honduras, Mexico, Nepal , Nicaragua, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela. Recognizes the rights to land ownership, equality and freedom and autonomy in decisions on the issues of indigenous peoples and establishes the prior consultation of any administrative or legislative measures that directly affect them and the exploitation of natural resources In their territory.17 18 19